涂料标准GB1864-80 颜料色光测定法

林允儿

大庆石化2426H
推荐简介：大庆石化2426H聚乙烯受日光中紫外光的映射和空气中氧气的效用，使其分子中的碳酰基含量增加而发生光时刻氧气老化效用，这种光氧气老化效用是在常温下施行的，它可使聚乙烯分子解聚，并生成一小批支链体格结构。　因为这个，为了避免或怠慢光氧气老化的效用，应在聚乙烯中添加具备遮藏光效用的牢稳剂，如炭黑或紫外光借鉴剂。低疏密程度聚乙烯按聚合办法，可分为高压法和低压法。依照反响器类型可分为釜式法和管式法。聚乙烯!!

本标准适用于颜料色光的测定，在一定量的受试样品及标准样品中，加入同体积的油，经混合研磨后显现的色泽，以目测法评定，其色泽的差异，采用近似、微、稍、较四级表示之。　　1 材料和仪器设备<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />调墨油（纯亚麻仁油制）；<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />颜料：不大于是8(采用铁钴比色计)；<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />酸值：不大于8mgKOH/g；<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />刮片：<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />调墨刀（长178mm,宽7~18mm）；<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />画报印刷纸（QB129，质量100g/m2）；<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />描图纸（QB128）；<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />注射器（容量1ml）；<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />分析天平（感量0.001）；<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />平磨机（PM-240）。　　2 测定步骤<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />2.1 颜料色浆制备<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />称取标准颜料样品1g（准确至0.001g），在25&plusmn;2℃用注射器抽取一定体积的调墨油（根据不同颜料而定，详见下表），把颜料和调墨油放在平磨机的磨纱玻璃面上，用调墨刀调和成浆，色浆分四点放在离玻璃中心半径的1/4处，在杠杆支架上加4.5kg砝码进行研磨。每研磨25或50转调和一次，研磨转数及次数详见下表规定：<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />颜料名称 颜料（g）调墨油（ml） 每次研磨数（转） 循环数（次）<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />白色颜料 1:0.5~1.5 50 4<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />铁蓝 1:1~2 50 5<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />铬黄、钼铬红 1:0.5~1 25 3<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />酞菁系 1:2~3 50 6<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />染料色淀 1：0.7~1.5 25 4<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />氧化铁颜料 1:0.5~1 25 9<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />染料色原 1:2~3 50 4<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />炭黑1:4~5.5 50 4<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />偶氮系 1:1.5~2.5 50 4　　研磨好的颜料色浆收集在一处备用。<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />同法制备受试颜料样品的色浆。<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />2.2 色光鉴定方法<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />将制备好的颜料色浆，用调墨刀挑少许，涂于画报印刷纸上。标准样品的色浆放在左面，受试样品的色浆放在右面，二个色浆平行间隔距离约为15mm，用刮片均匀刮下，在室内朝内朝北散射光线下或在标准光源下立即观察面色、墨色、以比较色泽的差异。<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />色光差异的评级分为：近似、微、稍、较等四级；<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />当试样与标准样品的面色和墨色近似时，评为"近似"级；<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />当试样与标准样品的面色和墨色微有差异时，评为"微"字级；<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />当试样与标准样品的面色和墨色有差异时，评为"稍"字级；<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />当试样与标准样品的面色和墨色明显差异时，评为"较"字级；<br style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; " />其中，微、稍、较之后需列入色相及明暗度的评语。